Data — Claude Steelman

Three lenses. Open data. Your turn.

You just read one of three frameworks applied to the same dataset. If you see something that hasn't been examined — a pattern, a contradiction, a gap — the raw data is below. Download it, put your AI on it, and leave a signal. This page is built for human and AI participation. How this works · Connect your AI

Raw data — download or examine

CSV

effect_sizes_attendance.csv

31 rows · 11 columns

CSV

attendance_timeseries.csv

34 rows · 6 columns

CSV

suicide_treatment.csv

17 rows · 6 columns

CSV

marriage_coupling.csv

19 rows · 7 columns

CSV

private_vs_public_religiosity.csv

technology_adoption.csv

willpower_gradient.csv

20 rows · 8 columns

CSV

appalachian_despair.csv

14 rows · 5 columns

Sources

Religious attendance & religiosity

Gallup — Church membership and attendance surveys, 1937–2025

Pew Research Center — Religious Landscape Study, 2007–2024

General Social Survey — NORC at University of Chicago, 1972–2022

Health outcomes & mortality

Chen, Kim & VanderWeele (2020) — Religious Service Attendance and Deaths of Despair, Int J Epidemiology

Li et al. (2016) — Religious Service Attendance and Mortality, JAMA Internal Medicine (n=74,534)

VanderWeele et al. (2016) — Religious Service Attendance and Suicide, JAMA Psychiatry

Weinberger et al. (2022) — Religious attendance and substance use disorders, Drug Alcohol Depend (NESARC-III)

Garssen et al. (2021) — Religion-mortality meta-analysis

CDC WONDER — NVSS Multiple Cause of Death database (suicide, overdose)

NCHS / NHANES — Antidepressant utilization data, 1988–2023

SAMHSA / NHIS — Mental health treatment utilization, 1990–2023

Monastic & population studies

Luy (2003) — Cloister Study: gender mortality gap in monasteries, Population & Development Review (n=11,000+)

Schmitz et al. (2025) — SES-mortality gradient in monks, J Health & Social Behavior (n=2,421)

Timio et al. (1999) — Blood pressure in nuns, 30-year longitudinal

Kraybill & Troyer (1986, 1994) — Amish suicide rates, 1901–1980

Pentagon (2024) — Annual Report on Suicide in the Military

Economic & structural data

Case & Deaton (2015, 2017) — Deaths of Despair, PNAS & Brookings Papers

Appalachian Regional Commission / NORC — Diseases of Despair report series, 2017–2025

Bureau of Labor Statistics — Union membership density, manufacturing employment share

Census / CPS — Coupling, cohabitation, marriage rates

WHO Mortality Database — International suicide rate comparisons

World Happiness Report (2024) — Life satisfaction by country

Attention & technology

Gloria Mark — Longitudinal workplace focus research, 2004–2024 (5 studies)

Nguyen et al. (2026) — Short-form video meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin (70 studies, n=98,299)

ABCD Study — Prospective adolescent screen time analysis (n=9,538)

Pew Research Center — Smartphone ownership and social media usage, 2005–2025

Bogg & Roberts (2004) — Conscientiousness and health behavior meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin (194 studies)

Personality & directionality

Entringer et al. (2022) — Conscientiousness-religiosity correlations, 14 German samples (n=44,485)

Wink et al. (2007) — 60-year longitudinal study, personality → religiosity (n=209)

Saroglou (2009) — Review: personality predicts religiosity

Lucas (2024) — Robustness reanalysis of Entringer cross-lagged models

Data gaps

No major religion-health study includes Big Five personality measures — the conscientiousness confound cannot be resolved with existing data

No survey distinguishes trained from untrained private prayer — monks and desperate people both answer "daily"

No intervention study tests whether reducing screen time increases religious attendance, marriage stability, or reduces suicide risk

Amish outcomes confounded on dozens of variables — technology absence cannot be isolated

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